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Heligoland lighthouse
Heligoland lighthouse ((ドイツ語:Leuchtturm Helgoland)) is located on Germany's only offshore island, Heligoland. Constructed during World War II as an anti-aircraft tower, it was turned into a lighthouse in 1952. It features the strongest light on the German North Sea coast with a range of so that it can be seen as far as on the East Frisian or the North Frisian islands and Halligen. The lighthouse is operated by the Tönning water and shipping authority.
==History==
Already in 1811 when Heligoland was under British rule, the first lighthouse on Heligoland had been built by Trinity House. The so-called "English lighthouse" (''englischer Leuchtturm'') reached a maximum height of above mean sea level. It constituted an important aid to navigation in the German Bight because its light was visible roughly twice as far as that of Cuxhaven lighthouse which had been established a few years before. The English lighthouse was torn down soon after the inauguration of a new building in 1902. The lantern and optics of the English lighthouse were moved to Fehmarn island in the Baltic Sea where they were mounted at Staberhuk lighthouse and are still in use today.〔
The construction of the new lighthouse had been ordered by the Prussian administration in 1902. This lighthouse was in service from 1902 until its destruction due to the war in 1945. It was constructed as a round brick tower from the same plans as the Cape Arkona light on Rügen in the Baltic Sea. During a bombing raid on Heligoland on 18 April 1945 by the Royal Air Force this lighthouse was destroyed and the keeper was killed.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Leuchtturm — Hochseeinsel Helgoland )〕
In 1941 a square-shaped anti-aircraft tower made of heavily reinforced concrete had been built on Heligoland.〔 It was the only building to survive the detonation〔 of 6,700 tonnes of explosives by the Royal Navy on the island on 18 April 1947 which was meant to destroy the military facilities and bunkers inside the rock of the island. In 1952 this tower was modified to serve as a makeshift lighthouse. The current shape with a brick veneer was formed in a 1965 renovation.〔 Later a radar sensor, Marine and mobile radio telephony devices and an electric beacon were added on top of the lantern house.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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